{"id":7416,"date":"2022-10-01T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2022-09-30T17:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cegorn.org\/2022\/10\/01\/sach-huong-dan-tai-lieu-hoa-huong-dung-dat-dai-va-rung-theo-phong-tuc-tap-quan-o-viet-nam\/"},"modified":"2023-03-27T17:40:34","modified_gmt":"2023-03-27T10:40:34","slug":"sach-huong-dan-tai-lieu-hoa-huong-dung-dat-dai-va-rung-theo-phong-tuc-tap-quan-o-viet-nam","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cegorn.org\/vi\/2022\/10\/01\/sach-huong-dan-tai-lieu-hoa-huong-dung-dat-dai-va-rung-theo-phong-tuc-tap-quan-o-viet-nam\/","title":{"rendered":"S\u00e1ch h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn: T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a h\u01b0\u1edfng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai v\u00e0 r\u1eebng theo phong t\u1ee5c t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Xem chi ti\u1ebft t\u00e0i l\u1ec7u t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean 33,17 tri\u1ec7u ha, trong \u0111\u00f3 3\u20444 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3i, n\u00fai; d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 97 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi; 54 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, trong \u0111\u00f3 53 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 v\u1edbi 14 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi (Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Nh\u1eadt, 2018), kho\u1ea3ng 25 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng trong r\u1eebng v\u00e0 g\u1ea7n r\u1eebng, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn l\u1edbn s\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u00e0o r\u1eebng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t r\u1eebng. C\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 tr\u00ean 60.000 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 tr\u00ean 10.000 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3i, n\u00fai l\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00f4n, l\u00e0ng, \u1ea5p, b\u1ea3n, bu\u00f4n, bon, phum s\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao 1.166.470 ha r\u1eebng (chi\u1ebfm 8%) di\u1ec7n t\u00edch r\u1eebng c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc (Nguy\u1ec5n B\u00e1 Ng\u00e3i v\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n Qu\u1ed1c Tr\u1ecb, 2020). Nh\u1eefng c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n g\u1eafn v\u1edbi r\u1eebng, cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd lu\u00f4n ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o r\u1eebng. Qua nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf h\u1ec7, nh\u1eefng kinh nghi\u1ec7m s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c t\u1ef1 qu\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh, ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng phong t\u1ee5c t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n \u0103n s\u00e2u v\u00e0o m\u1ed7i th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng phong t\u1ee5c t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n \u0111\u00f3, v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t l\u1ebd t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh n\u00ean quy\u1ec1n h\u01b0\u1edfng d\u1ee5ng chung c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai v\u00e0 r\u1eebng. Quy\u1ec1n h\u01b0\u1edfng d\u1ee5ng theo phong t\u1ee5c t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 to l\u1edbn, b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1. Trong nh\u1eefng th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, kinh t\u1ebf-x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh, nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, ng\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh, quan h\u1ec7 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp, v\u00e0 ngay t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 th\u00ec nh\u1eefng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng h\u01b0\u1edfng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai v\u00e0 r\u1eebng theo phong t\u1ee5c t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n c\u0169ng b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng ho\u1eb7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt v\u00e0 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 cho ph\u00e9p th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng phong t\u1ee5c t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n t\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng trong ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai, r\u1eebng; v\u00e0 Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a tr\u00ean 10.000 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng d\u00e2n c\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi 1.166.470 ha r\u1eebng (B\u1ed9 NN&PTNT, 2021). Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u1eabn c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u phong t\u1ee5c t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n qu\u00fd b\u00e1u, kinh nghi\u1ec7m s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111ang ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 b\u1ecb l\u00e3ng qu\u00ean, mai m\u1ed9t, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c duy tr\u00ec v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn. S\u1ef1 l\u00e3ng qu\u00ean, mai m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c m\u1ea5t quy\u1ec1n h\u01b0\u1edfng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai, r\u1eebng theo phong t\u1ee5c t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e0 \u0111ang d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ec7 l\u1ee5y l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai v\u00e0 r\u1eebng trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng g\u1eb7p nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n: nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i r\u1eebng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c suy gi\u1ea3m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t; \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai, r\u1eebng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u00e9m hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, tho\u00e1i h\u00f3a nhanh v\u00e0 b\u1ecb chuy\u1ec3n sang c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch kh\u00e1c; quy\u1ec1n ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn r\u1eebng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 b\u1ecb gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y; kh\u00f4ng gian sinh t\u1ed3n g\u1eafn v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a, t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c b\u1ecb thu h\u1eb9p.
\u0110\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t huy \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng phong t\u1ee5c t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n n\u00f3i chung, quy\u1ec1n h\u01b0\u1edfng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai v\u00e0 r\u1eebng theo phong t\u1ee5c t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n, m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a nh\u1eefng quy\u1ec1n h\u01b0\u1edfng d\u1ee5ng theo phong t\u1ee5c t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n n\u00e0y. T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc, t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p, c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt phong t\u1ee5c t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n h\u01b0\u1edfng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai v\u00e0 r\u1eebng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y. Ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tr\u1ef1c quan, sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng, d\u1ec5 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f9ng
v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh trong cu\u1ed1n S\u00e1ch h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y v\u1edbi mong mu\u1ed1n g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng.
V\u1edbi tr\u00ean 10.000 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn s\u1ebd c\u00f3 h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n phong t\u1ee5c t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n, kinh nghi\u1ec7m truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p hay c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n h\u01b0\u1edfng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai v\u00e0 r\u1eebng theo phong t\u1ee5c t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a. Hy v\u1ecdng r\u1eb1ng, v\u1edbi cu\u1ed1n S\u00e1ch h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ed1t vi\u1ec7c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a c\u00e1c phong t\u1ee5c t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n, kinh nghi\u1ec7m truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p \u1edf c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng.
S\u00e1ch h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn bao g\u1ed3m 6 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng. M\u1ed7i ch\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng n\u1ed9i dung ch\u00ednh nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 1<\/strong> l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u S\u00e1ch h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y \u1edf tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ba c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi T\u1ea1i sao ph\u1ea3i bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n S\u00e1ch h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn?; Ai s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng S\u00e1ch h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn?; S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng S\u00e1ch h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?
Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 2 <\/strong>l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n t\u1ed5ng quan v\u1ec1 h\u01b0\u1edfng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai v\u00e0 r\u1eebng theo phong t\u1ee5c t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y r\u00f5 ba n\u1ed9i dung: Quy\u1ec1n h\u01b0\u1edfng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai v\u00e0 r\u1eebng theo phong t\u1ee5c t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?; Khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 ph\u00e1p l\u00fd v\u00e0 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn quy\u1ec1n h\u01b0\u1edfng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai v\u00e0 r\u1eebng theo phong t\u1ee5c t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n; Nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c cho vi\u1ec7c th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn quy\u1ec1n h\u01b0\u1edfng d\u1ee5ng theo phong t\u1ee5c t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n. C\u00e1n b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng tham kh\u1ea3o v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb c\u00e1c n\u1ed9i dung n\u00e0y th\u00f4ng qua m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp t\u1eadp hu\u1ea5n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eadp hu\u1ea5n l\u1ea1i (TOT) \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c chung v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n h\u01b0\u1edfng
d\u1ee5ng theo phong t\u1ee5c t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n nh\u01b0: kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m, thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef, vai tr\u00f2 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a quy\u1ec1n h\u01b0\u1edfng d\u1ee5ng theo phong t\u1ee5c t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n; c\u01a1 s\u1edf ph\u00e1p l\u00fd v\u00e0 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a quy\u1ec1n h\u01b0\u1edfng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai v\u00e0 r\u1eebng theo phong t\u1ee5c t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam.
Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 3<\/strong> tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a: nh\u00f3m nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t, th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng c\u00f9ng tham gia m\u00e0 m\u1ed7i c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb S\u00e1ch h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y v\u00e0 th\u1ea5m nhu\u1ea7n xuy\u00ean su\u1ed1t trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 uy t\u00edn, c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eadp hu\u1ea5n, ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng tham kh\u1ea3o v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi t\u1eeb S\u00e1ch h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ea3 2 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t, th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng c\u00f9ng tham gia trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a.
Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 4<\/strong> tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a h\u01b0\u1edfng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai v\u00e0 r\u1eebng theo phong t\u1ee5c t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n v\u1edbi ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh g\u1ed3m 4 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u00e0 m\u1ed7i giai \u0111o\u1ea1n g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng k\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp nhau th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc. Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n I: T\u1eadp hu\u1ea5n g\u1ed3m b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a; Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n II: Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u th\u1ee9 c\u1ea5p, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a, t\u1eadp hu\u1ea5n cho c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 ch\u1ed1t; Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n III: T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c
b\u01b0\u1edbc tham v\u1ea5n c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111i\u1ec3m, t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a, tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a; Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n IV: Ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a v\u00e0 chia s\u1ebb.
Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 5<\/strong> tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt d\u00f9ng cho t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a h\u01b0\u1edfng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai v\u00e0 r\u1eebng theo phong t\u1ee5c t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n. Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a quy\u1ec1n h\u01b0\u1edfng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t r\u1eebng theo truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi cung c\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn trong vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh c\u1ea7n t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u ho\u00e1 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p, c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3.
Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 6<\/strong> tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y v\u1ec1 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb. Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y 2 n\u1ed9i dung quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch, v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n, duy tr\u00ec, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb h\u01b0\u1edfng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai v\u00e0 r\u1eebng theo phong t\u1ee5c t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ki\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi 3 ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 c\u01a1 quan qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":7417,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_eb_attr":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[170],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7416","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tai-lieu"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cegorn.org\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7416","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cegorn.org\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cegorn.org\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cegorn.org\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cegorn.org\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7416"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/cegorn.org\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7416\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7887,"href":"https:\/\/cegorn.org\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7416\/revisions\/7887"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cegorn.org\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7417"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cegorn.org\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7416"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cegorn.org\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7416"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cegorn.org\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7416"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}